Òý ÑÔ
½Õ¸Ñ¿ÅÁ£»ú¡¢
½Õ¸Ñѹ¿é»úÑ¹ÖÆµÄ½Õ¸Ñ¹Ì»¯³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÊǽ«Å©´åËÉÉ¢½Õ¸ÑѹËõ³É¸ßÃܶȵÄȼÁÏ£¬´¢´æ¡¢ÔËÊ䡢ʹÓ÷½±ã£¬Çå½à»·±££¬È¼ÉÕЧÂʸߣ¬¼È¿É×÷Ϊũ´å¾ÓÃñµÄ´¶ÊºÍȡůȼÁÏ£¬Ò²¿É×÷Ϊ³ÇÊзÖÉ¢¹©ÈȵÄȼÁÏ¡£¾Ý²»Íêȫͳ¼Æ£¬ÒÔ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏΪÔÁϵϧÓÃÉúÎïÖʯ¾ßÈ«¹úÔ¼ÓÐ30Íǫ̀¡£ÉúÎïÖʹ̻¯³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÃܶÈÒ»°ãΪ0,8¡«1.4 g£¯cm3£¬ÒÔ·ÛËéµÄÓñÃ×½Õ¸ÑΪÔÁÏ£¬Ñ¹Ëõ³ÉÖ±¾¶Îª32mmµÄ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÃܶÈΪ0.65¡«0.95 g/cm3£¬ÐÔÄÜÏ൱ÓÚÖÐÖÊÑÌú£¬ÓÃÓÚ×ö·¹Ã¿ÈÕÒªµã3¡«4´Î»ð£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚÆäÃܶȸߣ¬Ã¿´Îµã»ðÖÁÉÙÐèÒª20—30 min£®¶øÇÒµã»ð¹ý³ÌÖÐʼÖÕŨÑ̹ö¹ö£¬Ôì³ÉÑÏÖØµÄ»·¾³ÎÛȾ¡£
ĿǰÒÑÓеÄúÓÃÔöȼ¼Á¡¢Öúȼ¼Á¡¢ÐÍúճ½á¼ÁÒÔ¼°»ð¹øÃºÇò¡¢Ò×ȼ̿ÇòµÈ¶¼Ö»ÊÊÓÃÓÚúµÄÔöȼºÍÖúȼ¡£ÓÉÓÚѹËõ³ÉÐÍǰµÄÓñÃ×½ÕµÈÉúÎïÖÊÔÁÏ£¨±»·ÛËéµÄ£©ÊèËÉÖÊÇᣬ²»ÄܺÍúÓÃÔöȼ¼Á¡¢Öúȼ¼ÁºÍÕ³½á¼Á£¨¼áÓ²¹ÌÌ壩¾ùÔȲôºÍµ½Ò»Æð£¬¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇÔÚÉúÎïÖÊÔÁÏѹËõ³ÉÐ͹ý³ÌÖлá²úÉú½Ï¸ßµÄζȣ¬Èç¹ûÔÚѹËõ³ÉÐ͹ý³ÌÖмÓÈëÖúȼ¼Á½«»áÒýÆð»ðÔÖ¡£ÔÚÊг¡¹ºÂòµÄÒ×ȼúÇòºÍÌ¿ÇòÒ²²»Äܽ«³ÉÐÍȼÁϺܺõÄÒýȼ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¼±ÐèÑÐÖÆÊʺÏÓÚÉúÎïÖʹ̻¯³ÉÐÍȼÁϵã»ðµÄרÓÃÒý»ðÖúȼ¼Á£¬ÓÃÓÚ½â¾öÆÕ±é´æÔڵijÉÐÍȼÁϵã»ðÄÑÎÊÌâ¡£±¾ÎÄÑÐÖÆµÄ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏרÓÃÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÓÐЧµÄ½â¾öÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£
1¡¢²ÄÁÏÓë·½·¨
1.1ÔÁÏ
ÓñÃ׽ոѹ̻¯³ÉÐÍȼÁÏ(DCBF)£ºÒÔÓñÃ×½ÕΪÁÏ£¬ÓÉij¹«Ë¾µÄ9SGJ-1000ÐÍÉúÎïÖÊÖÂÃܹ̻¯³ÉÐͳÉÌ×É豸»ú×éÑ¹ÖÆ£»³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÍâÐγߴ磺32 mm×32 mm£¬³¤¶ÈΪ30¡«80mm£¬ÃܶÈΪ0.9g£¯cm3¡£
1.2ÊÔÑé×°ÖÃ
ÊÔÑé×°ÖÃΪ±±¾©ÉñÖÝ´óÐîÉúÎïÖÊÄܿƼ¼ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄLLA-6ÐÍ´¶Ê¯¾ß£¬Èçͼ1Ëùʾ¡£
1.3ÊÔÑé·½·¨
½«·ÏÆú»úÓÍºÍ·ÏÆú²ñÓͰ´²»Í¬µÄÌå»ý±È(5£º1¡«1:5)Ï໥»ìºÏÖÆ³É9ÖÖÒºÌåÒý»ðÖúȼ¼Á£¬·Ö±ðÃüÃûΪ£º¢ÙJC51,¢ÚJC52,¢ÛJC53,¢ÜJC54,¢ÝJC55,¢ÞJC45£¬¢ßJC35£®¢àJC25£¬¢áJC15¡£ÆäÖлúÓÍ´úºÅΪJ£®²ñÓÍ´úºÅΪC£¬Êý×Ö±íʾ»úÓͺͲñÓ͵ÄÌå»ý±È¡£
ÿÖÖÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿Îª3—9mL£¬×îµÍÓÃÁ¿ÒÔÿ´Î¶¼Äܽ«DCBFÒýȼΪ׼£¬×î¸ßÓÃÁ¿¿ØÖÆÔÚÿ´Îµãȼ³É±¾Ð¡ÓÚ6.5·ÖÇ®¡£
½«Öúȼ¼Á·Ö±ð×°ÈëÈÝÁ¿Îª500mLµÄÅçºøÖУ¬½«DCBF×°ÂúÖÁÁÏÏäÌå»ýµÄ3/4£¬ÓÃСÅçºø½«Òý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÅçÈ÷ÔÚ³ÉÐÍȼÁϱíÃæ£¬²ÉÓÃÉÏȼʽµã»ð·½Ê½¡£
9ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÒÔ²»Í¬µÄÓÃÁ¿·Ö±ðÅçÈ÷ÔÚDCBF±íÃæ£¬Óôò»ð»ú»ò»ð²ñµãȼÒý»ðÖúȼ¼Á£¬Èç¹û3¡«5 rrunºó¯ÌÅÄÚ»ðÑæ¸ß¶È´ïµ½Â¯¿Ú(»ðÑæ¸ß¶È30—35 cm)£¬ÊÓΪÒý»ðÖúȼ¼Á½«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬Èç¹ûµã»ðºó»ðÑæÖð½¥¼õС£¬3—5minºóϨÃð£¬ÔòÊÓΪ±¾´Îµã»ðʧ°Ü£¬Ã¿ÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁµÄ²»Í¬ÓÃÁ¿ÊÔÑé·Ö±ðÖØ¸´6´Î£¬È¡Æ½¾ùÖµ£¬Èç¹û6´Î¶¼Äܽ«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬¼ÇΪ“√”£¬ÓÐÒ»´Î»ò¶à´Î²»Äܽ«ÆäÒýȼ¼ÇΪ“×”¡£
2¡¢½á¹ûÓëÌÖÂÛ
2.1Öúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿¶ÔÒýȼµÄÓ°Ïì
²»Í¬ÓÃÁ¿µÄ9ÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁÒýȼDCBFµÄЧ¹ûÈç±í1Ëùʾ¡£Óɱí1¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢ÙJC51ÔÚÔÊÐíµÄ×ʽð·¶Î§ÄÚ²»Äܽ«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ¡£ÓÃÁ¿Îª3mLʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÖúȼ¼Á¢ÛJC53ºÍ¢ÝJC55ÄÜ˳Àû½«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬ÓÃÁ¿Îª4 mLʱÖúȼ¼Á¢ÚJC52Ò²ÄÜ˳ÀûÒýȼ£¬Öúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿<5 mLʱ£¬ÒýȼЧ¹û²»ÀíÏ룬ÓÃÁ¿≥5 mLʱ£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢ÞJC45£¬¢ßJC35£¬¢àJC25ºÍ¢áJC15¾ùÄÜ˳Àû½«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬²¢ÇÒÖúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬ÒýȼЧ¹ûÔ½ºÃ£¬µ«Êܵã»ð³É±¾ËùÏÞ£¬²¢²»ÊÇÓÃÁ¿Ô½´óÔ½ºÃ¡£
2.2Öúȼ¼ÁÌṩµÄÈÈÁ¿¶ÔÒýȼµÄÓ°Ïì
¸ù¾ÝÅäÖÆÖúȼ¼ÁµÄÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬ÒºÌåȼÁϵÄÈÈÖµ¡¢Ãܶȡ¢»ìºÏ±ÈÀý£¬ËãµÃÿÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁÔÚ²»Í¬ÓÃÁ¿Ê±ÍêȫȼÉÕËùÄÜÌṩµÄÈÈÁ¿Èç±í2Ëùʾ£¬Íõ´äÆ»µÃ³öÓñÃ׽ոѿÅÁ£È¼ÁÏȼÉս׶εĻÄÜΪ103.9 kj/mol£¬´ÓÀíÂÛÉϽ²£¬Ö»ÒªÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁËùÌṩµÄÄÜÁ¿´óÓÚ103.9 kj£¯mol¾ÍÄܰѳÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬µ«Êµ¼ÊÉϲ¢·ÇÈç´Ë¡£±í2Öв»Í¬ÓÃÁ¿µÄÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁËùÌṩµÄÈÈÁ¿¾ùÔ¶Ô¶´óÓÚDCBFȼÉÕËùÐèÒªµÄ»î»¯ÄÜ£¬µ«Öúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿Îª3mLºÍ4mLʱ²¢²»¶¼ÄÜ˳Àû½«³ÉÐÍȼÁÏÒýȼ£¬Òý»ðȼ¼Á±ØÐëÌṩ188 kJÒÔÉϵÄÈÈÁ¿²ÅÄܹ»±£Ö¤Ë³ÀûÒýȼDCBF£®ÕâÊÇÓÉÓÚʵ¼Êµã»ð»áÊܵ½Íâ½ç¿ÕÆøÌõ¼þ¡¢ÉúÎïÖʳÉÐÍÃܶȺͺ¬Ë®ÂÊ¡¢³ÉÐÍȼÁϼ¸ºÎ³ß´ç¡¢Öúȼ¼ÁÅçÈ÷ÊÇ·ñ¾ùÔȼ¯ÖС¢Â¯ÌÅÈÈËðʧµÈÖî¶àÍⲿÒòËØÓ°ÏìËùÖ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Ö»ÓÐÖúȼ¼ÁÌṩµÄÈÈÁ¿>188 kJ²ÅÄÜ˳ÀûÒýȼDCBF¡£
2.3Öúȼ¼ÁÒýȼЧ¹û·ÖÎö
2.3.1±íÕ÷Òý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÒýȼЧ¹ûµÄ²ÎÊýѡȡ
ÒýȼÊÇÒ»¸ö³£¼ûµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Òýȼ¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúÑ̳¾µÄÁ¿ÒÔ¼°»ðÑæµÄ´óСÌåÏÖÁËÒýȼµÄЧ¹û¡£±¾ÊÔÑéÓõã»ðʱ¼ä¡¢»ðÑæ´ïµ½10¡«15 cmʱ¿Ì¡¢ÑÌÆø¼õСʱ¿Ì¡¢ÎÞÑÌʱ¿Ì£¨ÓÃÈâÑ۹۲죩ÒÔ¼°»ðÑæ´ïµ½30—35 cmʱ¿Ì5¸ö²ÎÊýÀ´ÃèÊöÖúȼ¼ÁÕû¸öÒýȼ¹ý³Ì¡£
2.3.2Òý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÒýȼЧ¹û
ÿÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁÒýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁϹý³Ì¶¼¾ßÓлù±¾ÏàͬµÄÇ÷ÊÆ£¬ÆäÖоßÓдú±íÐÔµÄÖúȼ¼ÁȼÉÕÇé¿öÈçͼ2Ëùʾ¡£Öúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿Ô½Ð¡£¬Òýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏËùÓõÄʱ¼ä¾ÍÔ½³¤£¬ÓÃÁ¿¹ýС£¬Ôò²»ÄÜÒýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏ£¬ÕâÊÇÒòΪ
´Óͼ2Öúȼ¼ÁȼÉÕÇé¿öÇúÏß¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢ÛJC53ºÍ¢ÝJC55µã»ðʱ¼äÔÚ20—30sÖ®¼ä£¬¶øÖúȼ¼Á¢àJC25ºÍ¢áJC15µã»ðʱ¼äΪ6—14sÖ®¼ä¡£Õâ³ä·Ö˵Ã÷ȼÉÕЧ¹ûÓëºÏ³ÉÖúȼ¼ÁµÄ2ÖÖÒºÌåȼÁϵÄÐÔÖʼ°Åä±ÈÓкܴó¹ØÏµ£¬¾ßÓÐÒ×ȼÐÔÖʵÄȼÁÏËùÕ¼±ÈÀýÔ½´ó£¬µã×ÅËùÐèʱ¼ä¾ÍÔ½¶Ì£¬·´Ö®ËùÐèʱ¼ä¾ÍÔ½³¤¡£»ðÑæ¸ß¶È¡¢ÑÌÆø¼õСºÍÎÞÑÌʱ¿ÌÒ²¾ßÓк͵ã»ðʱ¼ä²ÎÊýÒ»ÖµÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£
ÓÉͼ2ÿÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁËùÓÃ×îСÓÃÁ¿ÒýȼËùÐèʱ¼äÀ´¿´£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢ÚJC52ËùÓÃʱ¼ä×Ϊ4 min48 s£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢àJC25ËùÓÃʱ¼ä×î¶ÌΪ2min14s£»´ÓÖúȼ¼Á¢ÚJC52¡«¢áJC15ËùÑ¡×î´óÓÃÁ¿Òýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏËùÓÃʱ¼äÀ´¿´£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢ÚJC52ËùÓÃʱ¼ä×Ϊ3 min15s£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢áJclsÒýȼËùÓÃʱ¼ä×î¶ÌΪ40s¡£È¼ÉÕ¹ý³ÌÖÐÖúȼ¼ÁȼÉշųöµÄÈÈÁ¿Ëðʧ¹ý´ó£¬Ê£ÓàÈÈÁ¿²»×ãÒÔÂú×ã³ÉÐÍȼÁϵÄÒýȼ£»·´Ö®£¬Öúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬Òýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏËùÓõÄʱ¼ä¾ÍÔ½¶Ì£¬ÒýȼЧ¹ûÒ²Ô½ºÃ£¬µ«Èç¹ûÖúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿¹ý´ó£¬Ã¿´Îµã»ðËùÐè³É±¾³¬¹ý6.5·ÖÇ®£¬Å©Ãñ½«²»ÄܽÓÊÜ¡£8ÖÖÖúȼ¼ÁÔÚ¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊܵÄÓÃÁ¿·¶Î§ÄÚ¾ùÄÜÔÚ3¡«5 minÄÚ˳ÀûÒýȼDCBF£®²¢´ïµ½´¶ÊÂÒªÇó¡£
´ÓÖúȼ¼ÁÓÃÁ¿¡¢³É±¾¼°Òýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏЧ¹ûµÈÒòËØ×ۺϿ¼ÂÇ£¬Öúȼ¼Á¢áJC15ÒýȼЧ¹û×î¼Ñ£¬ÓÃÁ¿Îª9mLʱ40 g¼´ÄÜʵÏÖÄ¿±ê£¬Ã¿´Îµã»ð³É±¾Îª6.1·ÖÇ®£¬¾ßÓкܺõÄÍÆ¹ãǰ¾°¡£
3¡¢½áÂÛ
±¾ÎÄËùÅäÖÆµÄ9ÖÖÒý»ðÖúȼ¼ÁÖÐÓÐ8ÖÖ(¢ÙJC51³ýÍâ)Òý»ðÖúȼ¼Áµ±ÓÃÁ¿≥5 mLʱ¾ùÄÜÔÚ5 min×óÓÒµÄʱ¼äÄÚ½«DCBFÒýȼ²¢´ïµ½´¶ÊÂÒªÇó£¬ÓÃÁ¿Ô½´ó£¬ÒýȼЧ¹ûÔ½ºÃ£¬ÆäÖÐÖúȼ¼Á¢áJC15ÒýȼЧ¹û×îºÃ£¬ÄÜÔÚ1min×óÓÒµÄʱ¼äÄÚ˳ÀûÒýȼ³ÉÐÍȼÁÏ£¬½â¾öÁËÔÚʵ¼ÊÍÆ¹ã¹ý³ÌÖÐÆÕ±é´æÔڵĵã»ðÄѺÍʹÓò»·½±ãµÄÎÊÌ⣬¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪһÖÖ½ÏΪÀíÏëµÄÒý»ðÖúȼ¼Á½øÐÐÍÆ¹ã£¬½¨Òéÿ´Îµã»ðÓÃÁ¿Îª8¡«9mL¡£
¸»Í¨ÐÂÄÜÔ´Éú²úÏúÊÛµÄ
½Õ¸Ñѹ¿é»ú×¨ÒµÑ¹ÖÆÉúÎïÖʳÉÐÍ
¿ÅÁ£È¼ÁÏ¡£